ABSTRACT
Purpose
Interest and funding continue to grow for bringing supermarkets to underserved areas, yet little is known about their impact.
Design
A quasi-experimental study was used to determine the impact of a new supermarket opening as a result of tax and zoning incentives.
Setting
The study took place in the South Bronx, New York City, New York.
Subjects
Studied were residents of two South Bronx neighborhoods deemed high need.
Measures
Food purchasing and consumption were examined via surveys and 24-hour dietary recalls before and at two points after the supermarket opened (1–5, 13–17 months).
Analysis
Data were analyzed using difference-in-difference models controlling for gender, race and ethnicity, age, education, marital status, and self-reported income. Ordinary least squares and logistic regression models were estimated for continuous and binary outcomes, respectively.
Results
At baseline, 94% to 97% of consumers shopped at a supermarket. There was a 2% increase in this behavior in the intervention community (p , .05) not seen in the comparison community. One year later there was a 7% net increase in eating at home (p , .1) and a 20% decrease in drinking sugary beverages (p , .05), but no appreciable change in fruit/vegetable consumption or overall dietary quality.
Conclusion
The new supermarket did not result in substantial or broad changes in purchasing patterns or nutritional quality of food consumed, though smaller, positive changes were observed over a 1-year period. Future work should